在这项研究中,我们研究了哪些程度专家和非专家在众包实验中就难度问题达成共识。我们要求非专家(瑞典语的第二语言学习者)和两组专家(瑞典语作为第二/外语的教师和CEFR专家)在众包实验中对多字表达式进行排名。我们发现,所有三个测试小组的最终排名都非常高,这表明在比较环境中产生的判断不受专业见解作为第二语言的专业见解的影响。
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We test grip strength and shock absorption properties of various granular material in granular jamming robotic components. The granular material comprises a range of natural, manufactured, and 3D printed material encompassing a wide range of shapes, sizes, and Shore hardness. Two main experiments are considered, both representing compelling use cases for granular jamming in soft robotics. The first experiment measures grip strength (retention force measured in Newtons) when we fill a latex balloon with the chosen grain type and use it as a granular jamming gripper to pick up a range of test objects. The second experiment measures shock absorption properties recorded by an Inertial Measurement Unit which is suspended in an envelope of granular material and dropped from a set height. Our results highlight a range of shape, size and softness effects, including that grain deformability is a key determinant of grip strength, and interestingly, that larger grain sizes in 3D printed grains create better shock absorbing materials.
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Fruit harvesting has recently experienced a shift towards soft grippers that possess compliance, adaptability, and delicacy. In this context, pneumatic grippers are popular, due to provision of high deformability and compliance, however they typically possess limited grip strength. Jamming possesses strong grip capability, however has limited deformability and often requires the object to be pushed onto a surface to attain a grip. This paper describes a hybrid gripper combining pneumatics (for deformation) and jamming (for grip strength). Our gripper utilises a torus (donut) structure with two chambers controlled by pneumatic and vacuum pressure respectively, to conform around a target object. The gripper displays good adaptability, exploiting pneumatics to mould to the shape of the target object where jamming can be successfully harnessed to grip. The main contribution of the paper is design, fabrication, and characterisation of the first hybrid gripper that can use granular jamming in free space, achieving significantly larger retention forces compared to pure pneumatics. We test our gripper on a range of different sizes and shapes, as well as picking a broad range of real fruit.
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This paper presents the OPUS ecosystem with a focus on the development of open machine translation models and tools, and their integration into end-user applications, development platforms and professional workflows. We discuss our on-going mission of increasing language coverage and translation quality, and also describe on-going work on the development of modular translation models and speed-optimized compact solutions for real-time translation on regular desktops and small devices.
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脑小血管疾病的成像标记提供了有关脑部健康的宝贵信息,但是它们的手动评估既耗时又受到实质性内部和间际变异性的阻碍。自动化评级可能受益于生物医学研究以及临床评估,但是现有算法的诊断可靠性尚不清楚。在这里,我们介绍了\ textIt {血管病变检测和分割}(\ textit {v textit {where valdo?})挑战,该挑战是在国际医学图像计算和计算机辅助干预措施(MICCAI)的卫星事件中运行的挑战(MICCAI) 2021.这一挑战旨在促进大脑小血管疾病的小而稀疏成像标记的自动检测和分割方法的开发,即周围空间扩大(EPVS)(任务1),脑微粒(任务2)和预先塑造的鞋类血管起源(任务3),同时利用弱和嘈杂的标签。总体而言,有12个团队参与了针对一个或多个任务的解决方案的挑战(任务1 -EPVS 4,任务2 -Microbleeds的9个,任务3 -lacunes的6个)。多方数据都用于培训和评估。结果表明,整个团队和跨任务的性能都有很大的差异,对于任务1- EPV和任务2-微型微型且对任务3 -lacunes尚无实际的结果,其结果尤其有望。它还强调了可能阻止个人级别使用的情况的性能不一致,同时仍证明在人群层面上有用。
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我们介绍了CLEVR-MATH,这是一个多模式数学单词问题数据集,该数据集由涉及加法/减法的简单数学单词问题组成,部分地表示文本描述,部分地是由图像说明了场景。文本描述了图像中描述的场景上执行的动作。由于提出的问题可能与图像中的场景有关,而是针对采用动作之前或之后的场景状态,因此求解器设想或想象由于这些动作而导致的状态发生了变化。解决这些单词问题需要语言,视觉和数学推理的结合。我们将最新的神经和神经符号模型应用于CLEVR-MATH的视觉问题,并经验评估其表现。我们的结果表明,两种方法如何推广到操作链。我们讨论了两者在解决多模式单词问题解决的任务时的局限性。
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我们考虑从示例中学习复合代数表达式语义的问题。结果是一个多功能框架,用于研究可以放入以下抽象形式中的学习任务:输入是部分代数$ \ alg $和一组有限的示例$(\ varphi_1,o_1),(\ varphi_2,o_2,o_2),\ ldots $,每个由代数项$ \ varphi_i $和一组对象〜$ o_i $组成。目的是在$ \ alg $中同时填写缺失的代数操作,并将每个$ \ varphi_i $的变量填充$ o_i $,以便优化条款的合并价值。我们通过案例研究在语法推理,图像学习和逻辑场景描述的基础中证明了该框架的适用性。
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自然语言理解(NLU)研究中的核心问题是高性能是否展示了模型的强大推理能力。我们提出了一系列广泛的受控实验,其中预先接受了训练的语言模型被暴露于经历特定的损坏变换的数据。转换涉及去除特定词类的实例,并且经常导致非感性句子。我们的研究结果表明,当模型在损坏的数据上进行微调或测试时,大多数胶水任务的性能仍然很高,表明模型即使在非感性背景下也可以利用其他线索进行预测。我们所提出的数据转换可以用作评估特定数据集构成适当测试设备的诊断工具,用于评估模型的语言理解能力。
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粒状干扰在软机器人中的应用是最近和有希望的新技术,为创建更高的性能机器人设备提供令人兴奋的可能性。通过在含有颗粒物质内的膜内的真空压力施加真空压力来实现粒状干扰,并且从设计角度来看特别是有趣的,因为可以利用设计参数的多种设计参数来诱导各种有用的行为。迄今为止,已经研究了变量(如晶粒形状和尺寸)以及膜材料的效果作为诱导定制抓握性能的手段,但是由于其特定地,尚未研究其他主要贡献因素,膜形态膜形态学两种准确建模和制造的复杂性。该研究介绍了优化颗粒干扰夹具的膜形态,组合多材料3D打印和进化算法来搜索Materio中的各种形态设计空间的研究。在单个运行中打印整个几代,并测试夹持器保持力并用作健身测量。我们的方法是相对可扩展的,规避需要建模,并保证所考虑的夹具的真实表现。结果表明,膜形态是夹具性能的关键决定因素。可以看到常见的高性能设计以优化粒状夹持器产生抓地力的所有三种主要识别机制,与标准夹持形态有显着不同,并概括跨越一系列测试对象。
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